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Archive-name: os-research/part2
Version: $Revision: 1.20 $
Last-Modified: $Date: 1995/02/03 14:32:46 $
Answers to frequently asked questions
for comp.os.research: part 2 of 3
Copyright (C) 1993--1995
Bryan O'Sullivan
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Available software
1.1. Where can I find Unix process checkpointing and restoration packages?
1.2. What threads packages are available for me to use?
1.3. Where can I find operating systems distributions?
1.3.1. Distributed systems and microkernels
1.3.2. Unix lookalikes
1.3.3. Others
2. Performance and workload studies
2.1. TCP internetwork traffic characteristics
2.2. File system traces
2.3. Modern Unix file and block sizes
2.3.1. File sizes
2.3.2. Block sizes
2.3.3. Inode ratios
3. Papers, reports, and bibliographies
3.1. From where are papers for distributed systems available?
3.2. Where can I find other papers?
3.3. Where can I find bibliographies?
4. General Internet-accessible resources
4.1. Wide Area Information Service (WAIS) and World-Wide Web (WWW) servers
4.2. Refdbms---a distributed bibliographic database system
4.3. Willow -- the information looker-upper
4.4. Computer science bibliographies and technical reports
4.5. The comp.os.research archive
4.6. Miscellaneous resources
5. Disclaimer and copyright
------------------------------
Subject: [1] Available software
From: Available software
This section covers various software packages, operating systems
distributions, and miscellaneous other such items which may be of
interest to the operating systems research community. If you have
written, or know of, some software which you believe would be of
fairly wide interest, please get in touch with the FAQ maintainer with
a view to having a short spiel and availability information included
here.
------------------------------
Subject: [1.1] Where can I find Unix process checkpointing and restoration packages?
From: Available software
- [93-01-21-10-18.30] The Condor system is available via anonymous ftp
from ftp.cs.wisc.edu. Condor works entirely at user level [no
kernel modifications required] but doesn't currently support
interprocess communication, signals, or fork(). Definitely worth a
look.
- Bennet S Yee implemented a `mostly portable' checkpoint and restore
package back around 1987. When the programmer invokes the
checkpoint procedure, it saves the state to a file; when a second
process with the same program (but with different arguments) is
started which calls the restore procedure, it reads the old state
from the file. Available via anonymous ftp from
play.trust.cs.cmu.edu:usr/bsy/pub/save_world.shar.Z. This package
is known to work for Pmaxen, Sun4's, Sun3's, IBM RTs, and VAXen.
Porting it to a new architecture should be relatively simple -- look
at the README file.
------------------------------
Subject: [1.2] What threads packages are available for me to use?
From: Available software
- [93-02-01-10-15.15] For DEC customers, versions of VMS after 5.5 and
Ultrix after 4.3 include bundled threads packages which implement
both DEC's proprietary CMA and draft 4 of IEEE Pthreads.
- SunOS 4.x provides, as standard, a lightweight process (lwp) library
which isn't compatible with anything else currently available;
Solaris 2.x comes with a threads library which is incompatible with
lwp as well as everything else.
- The POSIX / Ada-Runtime Project (PART) has made available an
implementation of draft 6 of the POSIX 1003.4a Pthreads
specification, which runs under SunOS 4.x; the current release is
version 1.20. Available using anonymous ftp from
ftp.cs.fsu.edu:pub/PART.
- Another POSIX thread package is available via anonymous ftp from
sipb.mit.edu:pub/pthreads; it is based on draft 8 of the POSIX
thread standard. It currently runs on NetBSD 0.9, FreeBSD 1.1,
Linux 1.0, Ultrix 4.2 for the DECstation, SunOS 4.1.3 for the SPARC,
and HP/UX 9.03 for the PA/RISC. The latest version is 1.27 and
contains a thread safe stdio, malloc and free, and properly behaving
sleep, read, and write functions that only block the current thread,
not the process. For more information, contact Christopher
Provenzano <proven@mit.edu>.
- Stephen Crane has written a `fairly portable' threads package,
which runs under Sun 3, Sun 4, MIPS/RISCos, Linux, and 386BSD. It
is available via anonymous ftp from dse.doc.ic.ac.uk:rex/lwp.tar.gz,
with documentation in the same directory named lwp.ps.gz.
- QuickThreads is a toolkit for building threads packages, written by
David Keppel. It is available via anonymous ftp from
ftp.cs.washington.edu:pub/qt-001.tar.Z, with an accompanying tech
report at ftp.cs.washington.edu:tr/1993/05/UW-CSE-93-05-06.PS.Z.
The code as distributed includes ports for the Alpha, x86, 88000,
MIPS, SPARC, VAX, and KSR1.
[DCE threads? cthreads? pthreads implementations? others?]
------------------------------
Subject: [1.3] Where can I find operating systems distributions?
From: Available software
This section covers the availability of several well-known systems;
the only criterion for inclusion of a system here is that it be of
interest to some segment of the OS research community (commercial
systems will be accepted for inclusion, so long as they are pertinent
to research).
------------------------------
Subject: [1.3.1] Distributed systems and microkernels
From: Available software
See part one of the FAQ for further information on some of the systems
listed below.
- [93-03-31-22-49.53] ACE is the distribution, support and sales
channel for Amoeba. `Due to overwhelming response from non-profit
organisations wishing to obtain Amoeba for their research
activities', VU is offering Amoeba 5.2 to research institutions for
more or less free (via ftp at no charge, or on tape for $500 on
Exabyte or $800 on QIC-24). Amoeba currently supports 68020 and
68030-based VME board machines, as well at i386- and i486-based AT
PCs and Sun 3 and 4 machines.
For further information on `commercial' Amoeba, you can contact ACE
by email at <amoeba@ace.nl>, by phone at +31 20 664 6416, or by fax
at +31 20 675 0389. Universities interested in obtaining a license
should send mail to <amoeba-license@cs.vu.nl>, or fax to +31 20 642
7705.
- Chorus Systemes has special programmes for universities interested
in using Chorus. For more information on the offerings available,
conditions, and other details, ftp to ftp.chorus.fr and get the
following ASCII files:
pub/README
pub/academic/README
pub/academic/offerings
- The Cronus object-oriented distributed system may be obtained via
ftp from pineapple.bbn.com; email <cronus-help@bbn.com> for
details of the account name and password. Before attempting to get
the Cronus distribution, you must obtain, via anonymous ftp,
pineapple.bbn.com:Cronus-via-FTP-Terms. Maintenance, hotline
support, and training for Cronus are available from BBN. Send email
to the above address for information on these, or on obtaining a
commercial license.
- Horus is available for research use; contact Ken Birman
<ken@cs.cornell.edu> or Robbert van Renesse <rvr@cs.cornell.edu> for
details.
- Isis has not been publicly available since 1989, but may (I'm not
sure) still be obtained using anonymous ftp from ftp.uu.net or
ftp.cs.cornell.edu. After 1989, the code was picked up by Isis
Distributed Systems, which has subsequently developed and supported
it. The commercial version of Isis (available `at very low cost' to
academic institutions) is available from the company. Email
<info@isis.com> for information, or call +1-212-979-7729 or
+1-607-272-6327.
- [92-09-19-08-55.18] Plan 9 is available to academic institutions on
CD-ROM; the distribution consists of around 350MB of source and
binaries. For information on how to go about getting a license,
contact
Neera Kuckreja
AT&T Bell Laboratories
Room 2C-557
Murray Hill, NJ 07974
United States
+1 (908) 582 3855
neera@research.att.com
As of September 1992, kernels existed for the Sun SLC, Sun4Cs of
various types, NeXTstations, MIPS Magnum 3000, SGI 4D series,
Gateway 486, AT&T Safari, `a whole bunch of' other PCs, and the
Gnot.
Sydney University Basser Department of Computer Science has a port
of Plan 9 underway to the DEC Alpha at the moment. A port to the
Sun 3 has been completed. Contact <plan9info@cs.su.oz.au> for
details.
The Plan 9 user mailing list may be subscribed to by sending mail to
<9fans-request@cse.psu.edu>.
- QNX is available for academic applications through an education
support programme run by QNX Software Systems, whereby QNX systems
can be obtained for educational purposes at very low cost. For
commercial and education availability and pricing, contact:
QNX Software Systems QNX Software Systems
175 Terrence Matthews Cr. Westendstr. 19
Kanata, Ontario K2M 1W8 6000 Frankfurt am Main 1
Canada Germany
1 800 363 9001 +49 69 9754 6156 x299
+1 (613) 591 0931
+1 (613) 591 3579 (fax) +49 69 9754 6110 (fax)
Versions after 4.2 of QNX run on the i386 and later processors, with
a 16-bit kernel included for i286 machines. Native optimisations
and a compiler for the Pentium are also included. Further marketing
information can be obtained on the World Wide Web from
http://www.www.qnx.com
- [93-02-07-16-03.48] The Sprite Network Operating System is available
on CD-ROM. The disc contains the source code and documentation for
Sprite, a research operating system developed at the University of
California, Berkeley. All the research papers from the Sprite
project are also included on the disc. This software on this disc
is primarily intended for research purposes, and is not really
intended to be used as a production system. Boot images are
provided for Sun SPARCstations and DECstations. The CD-ROM is in
ISO-9660 format with Rock Ridge extensions. The disc contains about
550 megabytes of software.
You can get an overview of the Sprite Project, and a complete list
of what is on this disc, by anonymous ftp from
cdrom.com:pub/cdroms/sprite.
If you would like a CD-ROM please send $25. Add $4.95 if you would
like a caddy too. S&H is $5 (per order, not per disc) for
US/Can/Mex, and $10 for overseas. If you live in California, please
add sales tax. You can send a check or money order, or you can
order with Mastercard/Visa/AmEx.
Bob Bruce <rab@cdrom.com>
Walnut Creek CDROM
1547 Palos Verdes Mall, Suite 260
Walnut Creek, CA 94596
United States
1 800 786-9907 (USA only)
+1 510 947-5996
+1 510 947-1644 (fax)
- VSTa is a copylefted system written by Andrew Valencia
<vandys@cisco.com> which uses ideas from several research operating
systems in its implementation. It is currently in an `experimental
but usable' state, and supports `lots of' POSIX, and runs on a
number of different PC configurations. For further information,
send mail to <vsta-request@cisco.com>, or ftp to
ftp.cygnus.com:pub/embedded/vsta.
[Mach, Chorus, Clouds?, Choices?]
------------------------------
Subject: [1.3.2] Unix lookalikes
From: Available software
- Linux is available via anonymous ftp from
tsx-11.mit.edu:pub/linux, ftp.funet.fi:pub/OS/Linux, and
sunsite.unc.edu:pub/Linux. It is a freely-distributable System
V compatible Unix, and is covered by the GNU General Public License.
Linux runs on ISA bus PCs with i386 or better CPUs and at least 4
megabytes to run.
- 386BSD is available via ftp from agate.berkeley.edu:pub/386BSD or
ftp.uu.net:systems/unix/386BSD. It lies mid-way between 4.3BSD Reno
and 4.4BSD internally, and contains no AT&T-copyrighted code.
386BSD runs on ISA bus PCs with i386 or better CPUs.
- NetBSD is available via ftp from agate.berkeley.edu:pub/NetBSD.
- FreeBSD is available via ftp from freebsd.cdrom.com:pub/FreeBSD,
ftp.cosy.sbg.ac.at:pub/mirror/FreeBSD, and
pdq.coe.montana.edu:pub/mirrors/unix/freebsd.
- The Hurd is the GNU operating system, being written by Michael
Bushnell. It is based on Mach 3.0, and should be available on most
systems to which Mach has been ported. A preliminary runnable image
may be fetched from alpha.gnu.ai.mit.edu:gnu/hurd-snap.tar.gz.
------------------------------
Subject: [1.3.3] Others
From: Available software
[93-03-18-10-19.02] Microsoft is making sources of Windows NT
available under license to universities and research laboratories.
You should have the appropriate officials contact Mark Lewin
<marklew@microsoft.com> to get started on this process.
See Patrick Bridges' operating systems home page at
http://www.cs.arizona.edu/people/bridges/oses.html
for information on a variety of other operating systems.
------------------------------
Subject: [2] Performance and workload studies
From: Performance and workload studies
This section covers various different publicly-available traces and
studies, libraries and source distributions, which may be of use.
------------------------------
Subject: [2.1] TCP internetwork traffic characteristics
From: Performance and workload studies
- [92-10-20-15-04.39] Peter Danzig and Sugih Jamin of USC have made
available a report and a source library which simulates realistic
day-to-day network traffic between nodes. The library, tcplib, `is
motivated by our observation that present-day wide-area tcp/ip
traffic cannot be accurately modeled with simple analytical
expressions, but instead requires a combination of detailed
knowledge of the end-user applications responsible for the traffic
and certain measured probability distributions'.
The technical report and the source library it describes are
available via anonymous ftp from
jerico.usc.edu:pub/jamin/tcplib. All you need to transfer to
use the library are: README, brkdn_dist.h, tcpapps.h, tcplib.1, and
one of libtcp* that matches your setup. You need tcplib.tar.Z only
if you must generate the library yourself. The file tcplibtr.ps.Z
is the PostScript version of the report. The authors may be
contacted at <traffic@excalibur.usc.edu>.
- [93-08-09-15-15.54] Vern Paxson of Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories
has a report available via anonymous ftp which describes analytic
models for wide-area TCP connections based upon a set of wide-area
traffic traces. The report may be obtained from
ftp.ee.lbl.gov:WAN-TCP-models.{1,2}.ps.Z.
- [93-05-13-10-54.09] Vern Paxson also has made available another
report, ftp.ee.lbl.gov:WAN-TCP-growth-trends.ps.Z, which provides an
analysis of the growth trends of a medium-sized research
laboratory's wide-area TCP connections over a period of more than
two years.
------------------------------
Subject: [2.2] File system traces
From: Performance and workload studies
- Chris Ruemmler has done a study on low-level disk access patterns
for a workstation, a server, and a time-shared system which appeared
in the Winter 1993 USENIX proceedings. A copy may be obtained via
anonymous ftp from ftp.hpl.hp.com:wilkes/HPL-92-152.ps.Z.
- Stephen Russell <smr@cs.unsw.oz.au> has instrumented the SunOS 4.1.x
kernel running on Sun 3 machines. The system allows time-stamped
event records to be obtained from various points in the kernel.
Events can be categorised (eg, paging, file system, etc), and are
read via pseudo-devices. Ioctl calls allow substreams to be
enabled/disabled, buffer status checked, etc. An external high
resolution timer is used for timestamping.
- [93-05-09-09-23.32] The traces used in `Measurements of a
distributed file system' (SOSP 1991) may be obtained via anonymous
ftp from sprite.berkeley.edu:pub/sosp-traces. An accompanying
PostScript file, written by John H. Hartman
<jhh@sprite.berkeley.edu>, which describes the trace file format,
how to interpret the trace records, and other information may be
found in the above directory as sospTraces.ps.Z.
- [93-06-18-13-02.48] Hidehiro Ishii <ishii@tsl.cl.nec.co.jp> has
written a system which traces the NFS accesses seen by an NFS server
and calculates statistics based on such traces. Contact the author
for details.
------------------------------
Subject: [2.3] Modern Unix file and block sizes
From: Performance and workload studies
The following sections are lifted more or less verbatim from a number
of traces which were co-ordinated and analysed by Gordon Irlam
<gordoni@home.base.com>. The numbers quoted below are based on Unix
file size data for 12 million files, residing on 1000 file systems,
with a total size of 250 gigabytes.
Further information may be obtained on the World Wide Web at
http://www.base.com/gordoni/ufs93.html.
------------------------------
Subject: [2.3.1] File sizes
From: Performance and workload studies
There is no such thing as an average file system. Some file systems
have lots of little files. Others have a few big files. However as a
mental model the notion of an average file system is invaluable.
The following table gives a break down of file sizes and the amount of
space they consume.
file size #files %files %files disk space %space %space
(max. bytes) cumm. (Mb) cumm.
0 147479 1.2 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
1 3288 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.0
2 5740 0.0 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.0
4 10234 0.1 1.4 0.0 0.0 0.0
8 21217 0.2 1.5 0.1 0.0 0.0
16 67144 0.6 2.1 0.9 0.0 0.0
32 231970 1.9 4.0 5.8 0.0 0.0
64 282079 2.3 6.3 14.3 0.0 0.0
128 278731 2.3 8.6 26.1 0.0 0.0
256 512897 4.2 12.9 95.1 0.0 0.1
512 1284617 10.6 23.5 566.7 0.2 0.3
1024 1808526 14.9 38.4 1442.8 0.6 0.8
2048 2397908 19.8 58.1 3554.1 1.4 2.2
4096 1717869 14.2 72.3 4966.8 1.9 4.1
8192 1144688 9.4 81.7 6646.6 2.6 6.7
16384 865126 7.1 88.9 10114.5 3.9 10.6
32768 574651 4.7 93.6 13420.4 5.2 15.8
65536 348280 2.9 96.5 16162.6 6.2 22.0
131072 194864 1.6 98.1 18079.7 7.0 29.0
262144 112967 0.9 99.0 21055.8 8.1 37.1
524288 58644 0.5 99.5 21523.9 8.3 45.4
1048576 32286 0.3 99.8 23652.5 9.1 54.5
2097152 16140 0.1 99.9 23230.4 9.0 63.5
4194304 7221 0.1 100.0 20850.3 8.0 71.5
8388608 2475 0.0 100.0 14042.0 5.4 77.0
16777216 991 0.0 100.0 11378.8 4.4 81.3
33554432 479 0.0 100.0 11456.1 4.4 85.8
67108864 258 0.0 100.0 12555.9 4.8 90.6
134217728 61 0.0 100.0 5633.3 2.2 92.8
268435456 29 0.0 100.0 5649.2 2.2 95.0
536870912 12 0.0 100.0 4419.1 1.7 96.7
1073741824 7 0.0 100.0 5004.5 1.9 98.6
2147483647 3 0.0 100.0 3620.8 1.4 100.0
A number of observations can be made:
- the distribution is heavily skewed towards small files
- but it has a very long tail
- the average file size is 22k
- pick a file at random: it is probably smaller than 2k
- pick a byte at random: it is probably in a file larger than 512k
- 89% of files take up 11% of the disk space
- 11% of files take up 89% of the disk space
Such a heavily skewed distribution of file sizes suggests that, if one
were to design a file system from scratch, it might make sense to
employ radically different strategies for small and large files.
The seductive power of mathematics allows us treat a 200 byte and a
2MB file in the same way. But do we really want to? Are there any
problems in engineering where the same techniques would be used in
handling physical objects that span 6 orders of magnitude?
A quote from sci.physics that has stuck with me: `When things change
by 2 orders of magnitude, you are actually dealing with fundamentally
different problems'.
People I trust say they would have expected the tail of the above
distribution to have been even longer. There are at least some files
in the 1-2G range. They point out that DBMS shops with really large
files might have been less inclined to respond to a survey like this
than some other sites. This would bias the disk space figures, but it
would have no appreciable effect on file counts. The results gathered
would still be valuable because many static disk layout issues are
determined by the distribution of small files and are largely
independent of the potential existence of massive files.
(It should be noted that many popular DBMSs, such as Oracle, Sybase,
and Informix, use raw disk partitions instead of Unix file systems
for storing data, hence the difficulty in gathering data about them
in a uniform way.)
------------------------------
Subject: [2.3.2] Block sizes
From: Performance and workload studies
The last block of a file is normally only partially occupied, and so
as block sizes are increased so too will the the amount of wasted disk
space.
The following historical values for the design of the BSD FFS are
given in `Design and implementation of the 4.3BSD Unix operating
system':
fragment size overhead
(bytes) (%)
512 4.2
1024 9.1
2048 19.7
4096 42.9
Files have clearly gotten larger since then; I obtained the following
results:
fragment size overhead
(bytes) (%)
128 0.3
256 0.6
512 1.1
1024 2.5
2048 5.4
4096 12.3
8192 27.8
16384 61.2
By default the BSD FFS typically uses a 1k fragment size. Perhaps
this size is no longer optimal and should be increased.
(The FFS block size is constrained to be no more than 8 times the
fragment size. Clustering is a good way to improve throughput for
FFS based file systems, but it doesn't do very much to reduce the not
insignificant FFS computational overhead.)
It is interesting to note that even though most files are less than 2K
in size, having a 2K block size wastes very little space, because disk
space consumption is so totally dominated by large files.
------------------------------
Subject: [2.3.3] Inode ratios
From: Performance and workload studies
The BSD FFS statically allocates inodes. By default one inode is
allocated for every 2K of disk space. Since an inode consumes 128
bytes this means that by default 6.25% of disk space is consumed by
inodes.
It is important not to run out of inodes since any remaining disk
space is then effectively wasted. Despite this allocating 1 inode for
every 2K is excessive.
For each file system studied I worked out the minimum sized disk it
could be placed on. Most disks needed to be only marginally larger
than the size of their files, but a few disks, having much smaller
files than average, needed a much larger disk---a small disk had
insufficient inodes.
bytes per overhead
inode (%)
1024 12.5
2048 6.3
3072 4.5
4096 4.2
5120 4.4
6144 4.9
7168 5.5
8192 6.3
9216 7.2
10240 8.3
11264 9.5
12288 10.9
13312 12.7
14336 14.6
15360 16.7
16384 19.1
17408 21.7
18432 24.4
19456 27.4
20480 30.5
Clearly, the current default of one inode for every 2K of data is too
small. Earlier results suggested that allocating one inode for every
5-6k was in some sense optimal, and allocating one inode for every 8k
would only be 0.4% worse. The new data suggests one inode for every
4k is optimal, and allocating one inode for every 8k would be 2.1%
worse.
The analysis technique I used is very sensitive to even a few file
systems with very small files.
The main source of file systems with lots of small files would appear
to be netnews servers. The typical Usenet message would appear to be
1-2k in length. Ignoring such file systems would drastically alter
the conclusions I reach. If, as I believe might already be the case,
news servers are manually tuned to have a lower than normal bytes per
inode ratio, it would then be possible to justify setting the default
ratio much higher.
Clearly it is best if the file system dynamically allocate inodes; I
believe AIX does this for instance. Systems that statically allocate
inodes should probably increase the bytes per inode ratio, but it is
not clear to exactly what value. The engineer in me says `it is
important to play this one conservatively: stick to 6k', the artist
goes `as Chris Torek says: aesthetics, 8k'.
------------------------------
Subject: [3] Papers, reports, and bibliographies
From: Papers, reports, and bibliographies
Network-available documents are listed in this section. I'd like to
see information for obtaining other sets of reports which aren't
electronically-available included here as well, at some stage.
------------------------------
Subject: [3.1] From where are papers for distributed systems available?
From: Papers, reports, and bibliographies
Amoeba
ftp.cs.vu.nl:amoeba
ftp.cse.ucsc.edu:pub/amoeba
Arjuna
arjuna.ncl.ac.uk:pub/Arjuna
Choices
choices.cs.uiuc.edu:Papers
Chorus
ftp.chorus.fr:pub/chorus-reports
cse.ogi.edu:pub/chorus/reports
Clouds
helios.cc.gatech.edu:pub/papers
Cronus
pineapple.bbn.com:doc
Guide
ftp.imag.fr:pub/GUIDE/doc
Horus
ftp.cs.cornell.edu:pub/Horus
Isis
ftp.cse.ucsc.edu:pub/bib/isis.bib
ftp.cs.cornell.edu:pub
Mach
mach.cs.cmu.edu:doc
Plan 9
plan9.att.com:plan9/plan9doc
http://www.ecf.toronto.edu/plan9
plan9.att.com:plan9/plan9man
Spring
http://www.sun.com/technology-research/spring
X kernel
cs.arizona.edu:pub/xkernel
Papers covering Amoeba, Choices, Chorus, Clouds, the Hurd, Guide,
Mach, Mars, NonStop, and Plan 9 are also available via anonymous ftp
from ftp.funet.fi:pub/doc/OS.
[I'd like to find the authoritative home for V---Mars and NonStop are
a bit more obscure, I think; they certainly aren't asked after much]
------------------------------
Subject: [3.2] Where can I find other papers?
From: Papers, reports, and bibliographies
Angel
ftp.cs.city.ac.uk:papers
Mungi
ftp.vast.unsw.edu.au:pub/Mungi
KeyKOS
cs.dartmouth.edu:pub/sasos/papers/KeyKOS
QNX [93-09-19-22-22.26]
ftp.cse.ucsc.edu:pub/qnx
ftp.qnx.com:pub/papers
Solaris 2.x [93-02-23-12-12.43]
opcom.sun.ca:pub/docs/papers
opcom.sun.ca:pub/docs/solaris
Windows NT [92-09-18-11-46.16]
ftp.uu.net:vendor/microsoft/win32-api
ftp.uu.net:vendor/microsoft/isv-communications
------------------------------
Subject: [3.3] Where can I find bibliographies?
From: Papers, reports, and bibliographies
Load balancing
ftp.cse.ucsc.edu:pub/bib/load-balancing.bib
Mobile computing
ftp.comp.lancs.ac.uk:pub/mpg
Multimedia operating systems [94-04-15-23-29.51]
cs.ucsd.edu:pub/multimedia
ftp.cse.ucsc.edu:pub/bib/mmos.bib
Object-oriented operating systems
ftp.cse.ucsc.edu:pub/bib/ooos.bib.Z
ftp.inria.fr:INRIA/bib/ooos.bib.gz
Parallel and distributed I/O
ftp.cse.ucsc.edu:pub/bib/io.bib
Recommended books
ftp.maths.tcd.ie:pub/bosullvn/comp.os.research/recommended.bib
Sprite network operating system
sprite.berkeley.edu:pub/sprite
See also the section on General Net Resources.
[There's quite a lot more at ftp.cse.ucsc.edu:pub/bib, if anyone
wants to add more to this list.]
------------------------------
Subject: [4] General Internet-accessible resources
From: General Internet-accessible resources
This section contains information about a variety of services
available to the OS research community via the Internet.
------------------------------
Subject: [4.1] Wide Area Information Service (WAIS) and World-Wide Web (WWW) servers
From: General Internet-accessible resources
[92-09-21-16-38.23] Loughborough University high-performance
networking and distributed systems archive may be accessed via World
Wide Web at http://hill.lut.ac.uk/DS-Archive/. This archive contains,
according to Jon Knight <J.P.Knight@lut.ac.uk>, the organiser:
- Technical reports and papers written at LUT by the networks and
distributed systems researchers in the Department of Computer
Studies.
- Technical reports, papers and theses which have been produced at
other sites and then made available for public electronic access.
- Software which is of use in research or which has been produced by a
specific research project.
- Details of relevant conferences, collected from a variety of sources
(USENET, email, flyers, etc).
- Information on ongoing research projects.
- Bibliographies that have been generated for research at LUT and also
access to other WAIS indexed bibliographies, both at LUT and
elsewhere.
- A list of contacts in the field, with details of their research
interests. This is entirely voluntary (i.e. people have agreed to
Jon entering their details rather than him just rooting round the
Internet to build up the information).
Carnegie Mellon University's computer science department has a home
page for the Mach project at the following URL:
http://www.cs.cmu.edu:8001/afs/cs.cmu.edu/project/mach/public/www/mach.html.
Bibliographies in the comp.os.research collection are accessible via
WAIS from UCSC.
(:source
:version 3
:ip-address "128.114.134.19"
:ip-name "ftp.cse.ucsc.edu"
:tcp-port 210
:database-name "os-bibliographies"
:cost 0.00
:cost-unit :free
:maintainer "paul@cse.ucsc.edu"
:description "Server created with WAIS release 8 b5
on Jul 9 22:38:27 1992 by paul@cse.ucsc.edu
The files of type bibtex used in the index
were: /home/ftp/pub/bib"
)
------------------------------
Subject: [4.2] Refdbms---a distributed bibliographic database system
From: General Internet-accessible resources
[92-10-01-11-39.32] The 13th alpha release of refdbms version 3,
developed by John Wilkes of the Concurrent Systems Project at
Hewlett-Packard Laboratories and Richard Golding of the Concurrent
Systems Laboratory at UC Santa Cruz, is now available. It can be
obtained by anonymous ftp from ftp.cse.ucsc.edu:pub/refdbms. The
system has been tested on Sun 3 and 4 systems running SunOS 4.1.x, and
on DECstations running Ultrix 4.1. It is an experiment in building
weak-consistency wide-area distributed applications, and the databases
currently available for the system have a good systems coverage.
The system includes tools to query the database, to produce
bibliographies for LaTeX documents, and to enter new references into
the database. It is part of ongoing research into wide-area
distributed information systems on the Internet.
Features include:
- Distributed databases: a reference database can be shared among
multiple sites. Updates can be entered at any site, and will be
propagated to the other sites holding a replica of the database.
- Multiple databases: every database has a name, and users specify the
order in which databases will be searched.
- Private databases: databases can be private, available site-wide, or
they can be made available to other sites.
- Database query by keyword, author, and title word.
- Translator for refer-format databases.
- Usable with LaTeX documents: the internal refdbms format can be
translated into a special BibTeX format.
An up-to-date list of bibliographies exported by various institutions
may be obtained using anonymous ftp from
ftp.cse.ucsc.edu:pub/refdbms/current-databases.
------------------------------
Subject: [4.3] Willow -- the information looker-upper
From: General Internet-accessible resources
The University of Washington's Willow system provides a Motif-based
user interface to a heterogeneous collection of on-line bibliographic
databases. It will compile and run on most systems which provide a
Motif library.
For further information, see the Willow home page at
http://www.cac.washington.edu/willow/home.html.
------------------------------
Subject: [4.4] Computer science bibliographies and technical reports
From: General Internet-accessible resources
- A collection of bibliographies in various fields of computer science
is available via anonymous ftp and the World Wide Web. The
bibliographies contain about 260,000 references, most of which are
references to journal articles, conference papers or technical
reports. The collection has been formed by using various freely
accessible services in the Internet (anonymous ftp, mailserver,
wais, telnet) and converting each bibliography into a uniform BibTeX
format. It is organised in files containing references to a (more
or less) specific area within computer science.
The database has been organised by Alf-Christian Achilles
<achilles@ira.uka.de>. It may be accessed on the Web at
http://liinwww.ira.uka.de/bibliography/index.html, via ftp from
ftp.cs.umanitoba.ca:pub/bibliographies, and through a more
useful search mechanism on the Web at
http://glimpse.cs.arizona.edu:1994/bib.
- As part of the ARPA Electronic Library Project, the Database Group
at Stanford is providing a Selective Dissemination of Information
(SDI) service to disseminate information about computer science
technical reports. You can have a server email you periodic
announcements of new papers on topics that interest you.
See http://cs-tr.cs.cornell.edu/Info/cstr.html for details, or
contact Tak Yan <tyan@cs.stanford.edu> or the mail server itself at
elib@db.stanford.edu.
------------------------------
Subject: [4.5] The comp.os.research archive
From: General Internet-accessible resources
[93-02-18-21-18.31] An archive of all messages posted to
comp.os.research since 1988 is maintained at UC Santa Cruz. It may be
accessed via anonymous ftp at
ftp.cse.ucsc.edu:pub/comp.os.research. The archive is organised
by year.
Postings may also be found via WAIS at UCSC's Computer Science gopher
hole:
(:source
:version 3
:ip-address "128.114.134.19"
:ip-name "ftp.cse.ucsc.edu"
:tcp-port 210
:database-name "comp-os-research"
:cost 0.00
:cost-unit :free
:maintainer "paul@cse.ucsc.edu"
:description "Server created with WAIS release 8 b5
on Jul 9 03:51:11 1992 by paul@cse.ucsc.edu
The files of type netnews used in the index
were: /home/ftp/pub/comp.os.research"
)
------------------------------
Subject: [4.6] Miscellaneous resources
From: General Internet-accessible resources
- Paul Harrington <phrrngtn@dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk> maintains a World
Wide Web page on checkpointing, at
http://warp.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/warp/systems/checkpoint.
------------------------------
Subject: [5] Disclaimer and copyright
From: Disclaimer and copyright
Note that this document is provided as is. The information in it is
not warranted to be correct; you use it at your own risk.
Following recent reports on the <faq-maintainers> list I think it wise
to change the copyright:
NOTICE OF COPYRIGHT AND PERMISSIONS
Answers to Frequently Asked Questions for comp.os.research (hereafter
referred to as These Articles) are Copyright (C) 1993, 1994, and 1995
by Bryan O'Sullivan <bosullvn@tcd.ie>. They may be reproduced and
distributed in whole or in part, subject to the following conditions:
- This copyright and permission notice must be retained on all
complete or partial copies of These Articles.
- These Articles may be copied or distributed in part or in full for
personal or educational use. Any translation, derivative work, or
copies made for other purposes must be approved by the copyright
holder before distribution, unless otherwise stated.
- If you distribute These Articles, instructions for obtaining the
complete current versions of them free or at cost price must be
included. Redistributors must make reasonable efforts to maintain
current copies of These Articles.
Exceptions to these rules may be granted, and I shall be happy to
answer any questions about this copyright notice -- write to Bryan
O'Sullivan, 14 Pleasant Drive, Mount Pleasant, Waterford, Ireland or
email <bosullvn@tcd.ie>. These restrictions are here to protect the
contributors, not to restrict you as educators and learners.